zonisamide

zoe-NIS-a-mide

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Zonegran

Available Dosage Forms:

• Capsule


• Tablet

Therapeutic Class: Anticonvulsant

Chemical Class: Sulfonamide

Uses For zonisamide

Zonisamide is used together with other medicines to control partial seizures (convulsions) in the treatment of epilepsy. zonisamide is an anticonvulsant that works in the brain tissue to stop seizures.

zonisamide is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using zonisamide

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For zonisamide, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to zonisamide or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of zonisamide in children below 16 years of age. Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Geriatric

Although appropriate studies on the relationship of age to the effects of zonisamide have not been performed in the geriatric population, geriatric-specific problems are not expected to limit the usefulness of zonisamide in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related liver, kidney, or heart problems, which may require an adjustment in the dose for patients receiving zonisamide.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding. Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking zonisamide, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using zonisamide with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Ketorolac


• Metformin


• Naproxen

Using zonisamide with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Ginkgo

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of zonisamide. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Blood or bone marrow problems (e.g., agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia) or


• Depression, history of—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.

• Kidney disease or


• Liver disease—Use with caution. Effects may be increased because of slower removal of the medicine from the body.

Proper Use of zonisamide

Take zonisamide only as directed by your doctor to help your condition as much as possible. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered.

zonisamide comes with a medication guide and a patient information insert. Read and follow the instructions carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.

Zonisamide may be taken with or without food, on a full or empty stomach. Swallow the capsule whole. Do not break, crush, or chew it.

It is important that you drink extra water every day while you take zonisamide to help prevent kidney stones.

zonisamide will be used together with other seizure medicines. Keep using all of your medicines unless your doctor tells you to stop.

Dosing

The dose of zonisamide will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of zonisamide. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For oral dosage form (capsules):
  
  • For seizures:
    
    • Adults and teenagers 16 years of age and older—At first, 100 milligrams (mg) once a day. Your doctor may adjust your dose as needed. However, the dose is usually not more than 400 mg per day.
    
    
    • Children and teenagers younger than 16 years of age—Use and dose must be determined by the doctor.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of zonisamide, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Precautions While Using zonisamide

It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to see if the medicine is working properly. Blood tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.

It is important to tell your doctor if you become pregnant. Your doctor may want you to join a pregnancy registry for pregnant patients taking a seizure medicine.

zonisamide may cause some people to become drowsy, dizzy, or less alert than they are normally. Make sure you know how you react to zonisamide before you drive, use machines, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or not alert.

zonisamide will add to the effects of alcohol and other CNS depressants (medicines that make you drowsy or less alert). Some examples of CNS depressants are antihistamines or medicine for allergies or colds; sedatives, tranquilizers, or sleeping medicine; prescription pain medicines or narcotics; medicine for seizures or barbiturates; muscle relaxants; or anesthetics, including some dental anesthetics. Check with your medical doctor or dentist before taking any of the above while you are taking zonisamide.

Contact your doctor immediately if you develop a skin rash, fever, sore throat, sores in your mouth, easy bruising, severe muscle pain or weakness, or worsening of your seizures.

Check with your doctor right away if you have sudden back pain, abdominal or stomach pain, pain while urinating, or bloody or dark urine. These may be symptoms of kidney stones.

Serious skin reactions can occur with zonisamide. Stop using zonisamide and check with your doctor right away if you have any of the following symptoms while taking zonisamide: blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin; chills; cough; diarrhea; itching; joint or muscle pain; red skin lesions, often with a purple center; sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips; or unusual tiredness or weakness.

zonisamide may make you sweat less, which causes your body temperature to increase. Use extra care not to become overheated during exercise or hot weather while you are taking zonisamide. Overheating may result in heat stroke. Also, hot baths or saunas may make you dizzy or faint while you are taking zonisamide.

Do not stop taking zonisamide without first checking with your doctor. Stopping the medicine suddenly may cause your seizures to return or to occur more often. Your doctor may want you to gradually reduce the amount of medicine you are taking before stopping it completely.

zonisamide may cause some people to be agitated, irritable, or display other abnormal behaviors. It may also cause some people to have suicidal thoughts and tendencies or to become more depressed. If you or your caregiver notice any of these side effects, tell your doctor right away.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines, and herbal or vitamin supplements.

zonisamide Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

• Discouragement


• feeling sad or empty


• irritability


• lack of appetite


• loss of interest or pleasure


• mood or mental changes


• shakiness or unsteady walking


• tiredness


• trouble with concentrating


• trouble with sleeping

Less common

• Agitation


• bruising


• delusions


• hallucinations


• large, flat blue or purplish patches on the skin


• rash

Get emergency help immediately if any of the following symptoms of overdose occur:

Symptoms of overdose

• Difficult or labored breathing


• faintness


• loss of consciousness


• slow or irregular heartbeat

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

• Abdominal or stomach pain


• anxiety


• difficulty with memory


• dizziness


• double vision


• headache


• loss of appetite


• nausea


• restlessness


• sleepiness


• sleeplessness


• unusual drowsiness


• unusual tiredness or weakness

Less common

• Aching muscles or joints


• acid or sour stomach


• bad, unusual, or unpleasant taste in the mouth


• belching


• change in taste


• chills


• constipation


• diarrhea


• difficulty with speaking


• difficulty with thinking


• dry mouth


• fever


• general ill feeling


• headache


• heartburn


• indigestion


• mental slowness


• nervousness


• runny or stuffy nose


• sneezing


• tingling, burning, or prickly feelings on the skin


• uncontrolled, back and forth, or rolling eye movements


• weight loss

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

See also: zonisamide side effects (in more detail)

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More zonisamide resources

• Zonisamide Side Effects (in more detail)
• Zonisamide Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Zonisamide Drug Interactions
• Zonisamide Support Group
• 20 Reviews for Zonisamide - Add your own review/rating

• Zonisamide Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• Zonisamide Monograph (AHFS DI)


• Zonisamide MedFacts Consumer Leaflet (Wolters Kluwer)


• Zonegran Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Zonegran Consumer Overview

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